Rhode Island’s role in the American Revolution is often overshadowed by the flurry of revolutionary activity in nearby Boston, the grand actions around New York City and Philadelphia, and even the southern theater of the war. But the small state of Rhode Island has always been at the forefront of rebellious ideas and activities and boasts many historic colonial-era sites around the state. Fort Barton in Tiverton, RI is one such historic location that you can explore today!
History
The coastal town of Newport, Rhode Island was considered one of the best natural harbors for shipping in the 18th century. In fact, the British recognized this and were quick to take control of the city. The British occupied Newport and essentially, all of Aquidneck Island and the surrounding waters, in December 1776. This prompted the staunch Whig population living in the rest of the state to find and hold key defensive points around the island, which were capitalized by Continental and state forces.
In early 1777 a fort was established on the hills near Tiverton, which overlooked a key crossing point from the mainland to northern Aquidneck Island (the fort was originally named Tiverton Heights Fort). The heights offer a commanding view of the Sakonnet River and the northern portions of the island; therefore, it was a strategic location for lookouts and artillery. The original earthworks were approximately 150 ft by 100 ft and armed with guns ranging from 18 to 24 pounders.
The earthen fortification served as a key defensive position during the British occupation of Newport and ensured there was a well-defended crossing point for the Continental Army and militia. The current name of “Fort Barton” came about from clandestine events that occurred on a warm July evening in 1777.
On the night of July 10, 1777, militia Lieutenant Colonel William Barton (who was stationed at the fort) led a team of 40 men onto Aquidneck Island to capture British General Richard Prescott. This raid was conducted after Barton received intelligence that General Prescott was staying at the Nichols-Overing House in Portsmouth with limited security (in fact, he only had one guard on duty on the night of the capture). The raid and capture were successful and later in the war, General Prescott would be crucial during a prisoner exchange for Continental Major General Charles Lee. After this bold move led by Colonel Barton the Tiverton fort forever became known as “Fort Barton” in his honor.
Fort Barton also played a role during the August 1778 Battle of Rhode Island. As mentioned, the fort overlooked a key crossing point and served as the staging point for the troops. On the eve of the battle, nearly 11,000 soldiers camped in and around Fort Barton and waited to be ferried across the Sakonnet River onto the island at Howland’s Ferry.
Fort Barton was abandoned in 1781 as the war was coming to a close (the British had abandoned Newport in 1779 and the main fighting shifted to the southern colonies). It remained a somewhat forgotten symbol of the American Revolution in Rhode Island for decades.
Interesting Facts
- Lieutenant Colonel William Barton’s raid was in fact, very dangerous. His men maneuvered past British warships and secretly landed on an island manned by nearly 4,000 enemy troops. They made the capture and escape without a shot being fired
- The site of Fort Barton was donated to the Newport Historical Society in 1923 by Dr. Roderick Terry (it was given to the town of Tiverton in the 1960s)
- During World War Two, a watch tower was built on the site and manned by local residents to watch out for aircraft (today, there is a watch tower that visitors can climb for a great view of the Sakonnet River and surrounding area)
Our Visit & Recommendations
Visiting Fort Barton (360 Highland Road, Tiverton, RI 02878) is an easy and fun way to explore some history and enjoy nature, all at once! There is a series of trails near Fort Barton (known as Fort Barton Woods) that offer a near 3-mile loop through the woods and over Sin and Flesh Brook. Restrooms and trail guides are available at the Tiverton Town Hall, located on Highland Road across from a row of parking spots that can be used to visit the fort and trails.
The Fort Barton entrance is a short walk away from the parking area on Highland Road- simply walk past the main entrance sign for Fort Barton (of note, the walk up to the fort and the nearby trails is quite steep). The fort and trails are open sunrise to sunset and are dog friendly, so feel free to bring the pup along for the adventure (we enjoy taking Daisy on a walk through the beautiful grounds).
The Fort Barton historic site itself is not very extensive; however, there are original earthworks that can be explored (it is wild to think about the men who shoveled the dirt and built this still-standing fortification). As you walk about the fort, you’ll notice a large watch tower in the center. This can be climbed freely and offers a great view of the Sakonnet River and surrounding islands- the view makes it clear why the heights were considered such a strategic point. Additionally, there are information signs and overlook markers around the grounds that explain what you see before you.
The trails can be accessed from Fort Barton and are great to walk/hike after seeing the fort (the trails are usually muddy after a rainfall, so keep that in mind). After exploring the trails and meandering through the peaceful woods, be sure to visit the private historic cemetery located near the fort (it is a quintessential New England cemetery and offers an opportunity for visiting and honoring those who have come before us).
Although Fort Barton may not be very well known to those outside of the area, it is a remarkably well-maintained Revolutionary War-era fortification and is an important historic site. Conveniently located just off highway 24, it is a must visit for those driving onto Aquidneck Island!
